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Polska (dance)
The polska (Swedish plural ''polskor'') is a family of music and dance forms shared by the Nordic countries: called ''polsk'' in Denmark, ''polska'' in Sweden and Finland and by several names in Norway in different regions and/or for different variants—including ''pols'', ''rundom'', ''springleik'', and ''springar''. The polska is almost always seen as a partner dance in , although variants in 2/4 time and for two or more couples exist.
==Evolution==
As suggested by the name (even though its homonymity with the Polish word for "Poland" is probably accidental) the roots of the polska are often traced back to the influence of the Polish court throughout the northern countries during the early 17th century. (''Polska'' also happens to be homonymous with the Swedish word for the Polish language.) This view is sometimes challenged by those who see earlier evidence of the musical tradition in Nordic ''visor'' or songs, that may have become grafted onto the newer foreign influences when the court dances began to filter out into the middle class and rural communities. Here and there also, a dance or a few dance melodies in triple meter have been found that may or may not be remnants of dances that the polska could have swallowed up.
The polska dances likely evolved from court dances such as the ''polonaise'' or the 2/4 time minuet involving larger sets of people. Some see traces of the evolution from set dances to couples dances and from duple time to triple time in the minuets, still danced in some communities of Finland and Denmark. In these, the dance starts with a large set of dancers dancing a slower formal section and ends with couples or foursomes dancing a faster, more energetic polska section. In the late 1600s it was common in northern Europe that only the slower Alla breve or 4/4 section of the music was written down on paper, paper was expensive. The musicians were expected to be able to improvise a dance in 3/4 which was based on the same motivic material as the previous dance. The parts played in 3/4 were the ones evolving to the modern ''polska''.〔Eva Hof: Om notsamlingen efter Anders Törne, Stora Tuna, från 1690-talet. University of Trondheim, spring 1994, Only in Swedish.〕
In the prevalent 3/4 time form, polska dances were most common in Norway, Sweden and Swedish-speaking Finland, but with versions seen in Finnish-speaking Finland and in Denmark. It is best to discuss these dances by country as their regional histories, while contemporaneous, were quite varied and the dances known today differ significantly from one country to the next.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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